Multinational companies Essay

To a lesser extent, multinational corporation such as Wal-Mart are harmful to the global economy. Multinational corporation is a corporation or company that is registered in more than one country or that has operations in two or more countries. Global economy generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world’s countries’ national economies. Also, global economy can be seen as the economy of global society and national economics. Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Wal-Mart is an example of globalization due to the fact that Wal-Mart is present in multiple countries and it unites foreign countries with jobs. Sam Walton founder of Wal-Mart was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. Mr. Walton opened the first Wal-Mart in 1962 at the age of 44 in Rogers, Arkansas. Sam Walton died in 1992. Mr. Walton left many objects and knowledge behind; one thing was this quote â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone, we’ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life. † In short this meant Wal-Mart was going to build better customer service for its shoppers and they were going to improve the communities that it was present in. The real question is, did Wal-Mart actually do what they said they would do? Wal-Mart may have contributed thousands of jobs. They have even claimed that they supported the communities, and of course kept prices low so you could save. However to a lesser extent multinational corporation such as Wal-Mart is harmful to the global economy because Wal-Mart creates contaminations and destroys many communities. Wal-Marts main goal is to try to make as much money as possible. For example the company has been caught cutting corners. Also they have been irrational to their employees. Multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart are irrational to the employees because many managers or corporate staffs are racist or sexist to their employees. Wal-Mart does not have the appropriate benefits that an employee needs. They also have immoral pay with horrible hours to go with it. Wal-Mart has been racist to their employees, by insulting them verbally with stereotypical traits that fall from their heritage. For example they have used racial wording to black people. They have also been sexist to woman by putting them down and not giving them the proper rewards they so desperately work for. A example of this is a woman denied a mangers position because she was a woman. The employees’ benefits are immoral. Most employees have to seek government funding to support their families. Most employees get there minimum wage of there province or territory which is not so bad, however the manager gives the full time and part time employees hardly any hours, to try to keep the store’s budget low. Multinational corporations such, as Wal-Mart, destroy part of the environment and community that they are present in. The Wal-Mart franchise causes small businesses to shut down. Their own parking lots are not safe and the stores pollute public rivers and streams. With their low prices and low operating cost small business cannot compete with those prices. Because of this those businesses cannot make money and fall apart. They have sold their store at a lower price then intended because when a Wal-Mart shows up relaters know buildings will become vacant and almost un able to sell unless at a lower price. Wal-Mart stores pollute rivers and streams by leveeing out pesticides in their parking lots. From that action when weather changings it can cause the harmful chemicals to drip of the product and find it way in to a cities drinking water. In the stores they have cameras to catch what ever is going on, however outside they due not. From this poor choice many crimes have been committed out side the stores own doors such as rape and murder. Also they don’t have someone monitoring the cameras so if something happens, another person would have to help or report it. Multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart cut corners. Wal-Mart has many sweatshops around the world with inhuman working conditions. Those employees have absolutely no benefits and Wal-Mart use child labor. In the factories, they are mostly located in third world areas, the factories have no air conditioning, unreasonable hours of work with less then a dollar a day for pay. Also in some factories you are almost forced to live with your coworkers in a tiny room with hardly anything to save on money. The pay is even worse for kids because to Wal-Mart they are more expendable. To a lesser extent Multinational Corporation such as Wal-Mart is harmful to the global economy. Due to the fact that Wal-Mart is racist and sexist to their employees, it does not have the appropriate benefits for their employees. They pollute rivers and streams and destroy small business in a community. Wal-Mart supports child labor and sweatshops. To conclude this position paper multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart are harmful to the global economy because they their true colors of who they are and that all they want to do at the end of the day is make money.

Macbeth Motifs Essay

When it comes down to it, humans are mammals, and there are some animalistic traits that every mammal shares. The story of Macbeth by Shakespeare includes a theme that is the epitome of a trait that all mammals share, weak versus strong. Through the use of metaphors including birds, the symbolism of Macbeth as an owl throughout the story, and the juxtaposition between birds, weak versus strong is represented by the motif of birds in Macbeth. Birds are incorporated into other literary elements that Shakespeare utilizes, showing the true depth of his writing. Metaphors allow the reader to paint a picture of written words referencing images that they are familiar with. Like any other animal, there is a hierarchy of strength and therefore power for birds. The metaphors that Shakespeare incorporates into Macbeth including birds allow the reader to reference their experience with strong birds fighting to create an image of what the humans in the story might have been fighting like. A captain describes how valiantly Macbeth fought in the battles in the beginning of the story, saying that he was â€Å"as sparrows eagles†, which paints a picture of a valiant and strong eagle fighting a small, meek sparrow (1.2.35-42). However, later in the story, when Macbeth’s position shifts and he is no longer perceived as a noble soldier but rather as a tyrannical ruler preying on those he controls, birds are used in a metaphor again to illustrate a changed image of Macbeth. â€Å"A falcon, tow’ring in her pride of place,† representing honor and innocence, â€Å"was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed,† illustrating an evil bird using its strength to overpower and kill an innocent bird (2.4.11-14).Sometimes, a reader does not glean the true meaning of an object in a story until after it has been illustrated throughout the entirety of the work of literature. Throughout the uses of birds in Macbeth, including the imagery and metaphors, a pattern occurs where a powerful owl is preying on weaker birds, and by the end of the story the reader comes to realize that the owl is a representation of Macbeth and the acts he is committing. The owl referenced during the murder of Duncan, is described as an â€Å"obscure bird† that â€Å"clamored the livelong night† as he â€Å"heard i’ th’ air, strange screams of death† (2.3.49-56). The owl in this scene is a symbol for Macbeth discovering what he is capable of, and what new powers he receives when he utilizes his newfound strength against others. One example of how he uses his recent strength was when he decided to have everyone in Macduff’s castle unnecessarily murdered. In this scene Lady Macduff is expressing her anger toward her husband, but also reveals characteristics of Macbeth when she states that her husband is not equal to â€Å"the most diminutive of birds,† which â€Å"will fight, her young ones in her nest, against the owl† (4.2.6-14). Macbeth being represented by the owl in this context depicts him as a villain that is so hungry for control that he will go to such extremes as to attack a weak, defenseless bird and it’s young. Sometimes it is equally as important to illustrate the weak side of a relationship as the strong side because then the contrast between the weak and the strong is magnified for the reader. In Macbeth, Shakespeare utilizes this juxtaposition to make the theme of strong versus weak even more apparent by inserting some descriptions of birds that appear weak to make the acts done by the stronger birds even more horrific. The day before Duncan’s murder where a powerful, evil owl was present, Banquo and Duncan comment on the sweet, innocent birds at Macbeth’s castle, â€Å"this guest of summer, the temple-haunting martlet, does approve†¦that the heaven’s breath smells wooingly here† this illustrates their vulnerability and unawareness to the upcoming strike by Macbeth, making his actions seem even worse. When Lady Macduff tells her son that â€Å"thou’dst never fear the net nor lime, the pitfall nor the gin,† he responds with a question of why he should because â€Å"poor birds they are not set for†, meaning that because he would be such a weak bird, hunters would have no want for him (4.2.36-37). Just after making this point, the defenseless son of Macduff is murdered by the king Macbeth, making the reader question what kind of tyrant Macbeth has come to be. The use of birds in Macbeth by Shakespeare is used to develop the theme of weak versus strong when they are used in metaphors, when Macbeth is represented by a bird throughout the story, and by the juxtaposition of the weak and strong birds. The acts committed by the characters aroused emotions in the audience because they were not so unrealistic that the audience could not relate to them, they represented the mammal in humans, the animal inside of all of us that we attempt to constrain. Birds are essential to create this unsettling feeling because their rustic, animal-like nature is no unlike the animalistic traits we try to hide, which allows the reader or audience to relate with the motif.

Letter to the editor on school bullies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Letter to the editor on school bullies - Essay Example First of all, this cyber bullying business is not an entirely new area and those who engage to the extent of driving a victim to commit suicide have perfected their skills. Cyber bullies are very persistent one they identify their victim and would not give the issue a rest until total humiliation or in this case death ensures. One of the perpetrators in her own confession says that she committed the cyber bullying which is the reason that led to the death of the victim but she does not care â€Å"yes I bullied Rebecca and she killed herself, but I don’t give a (expletive).† This carefree attitude does not simply come by a practicing bully but a fully accomplished one who thinks that she is immune to any repercussions based on her don’t care attitude. The fact that her parents seem to think that she is a sweet and innocent child only adds to fuel up her don’t care attitude without the realization that she can be charged with manslaughter of the victim. Seco ndly, cyber bullying is a social crime which inflicts pain on the victim emotionally rather than physically. Emotional pain is way harder to show on the surface than physical pain and hence the victims of cyber bullies suffer in silence and continue enduring the cyber bullies. Being a mother myself to teenagers, I understand the hard time the parents of the victim may be going through trying to come to terms with the fact that they did not help their daughter with her emotional pain inflicted by the cyber bullies. It is hard to read these teenagers and make them open up to their parents because they consider parents as enemies thinking they will not understand them. If only there is a way that parents can be able to know beforehand that their child is being subjected to cyber bullying, then they can help them put a stop to it no matter how long it will take and even put the perpetrators under the long arm of the law for justice to be served and to stop the bullying of other victims as well. I have in the recent past as a parent found it very hard to make my children open up to me as a parent about their problems. They however have friends and other people they trust whom they think of as secret-keepers and who understand them better than their parents and they share their experiences with. I appeal to such people today (since they are the only ones that know if a person is being subjected to bullying, what their feelings are and who the perpetrators are) not to stay hidden with the information and only come forward with it when it is a little too late. They need to break the code or oath of silence if there is danger of victimization and if whomever they are protecting can be helped by more qualified and professional individuals. Lastly I appeal to the parents of the bullies, please do not tend to support or justify the actions of your child when they commit such atrocious acts on other children as in the case of one of the perpetrators of Rebecca’s dea th where the parents are quoted saying â€Å"they feel that their daughter is a loving, caring and supportive young girl with many friends†¦

International management for china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

International management for china - Essay Example The intention of this study is marketing as â€Å"the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas and goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives† while according to Ambler & Xiucun marketing makes a fundamental contribution to long-term business success because a firm’s survival depends on its capacity to create value, and value is defined by customers. Marketing is thus an activity that involves negotiations and considers how to influence and carry out negotiations in order to facilitate exchange. According to Hofstede too it is essential to understand the differences and similarities between cultures which would enable the decision maker to do business with a given culture. In recent times, however, the global market concept has emerged which is characterized by general business practices and standardized consumer preferences. This would imply that the key to success rests in the firm’s ability to standardize the product offerings. It also implies that cross-cultural or cross-national markets cease to exist. However, the experience of the international retailers differs from this. Retailers have a long history of opening branch outlets across national boundaries. Substantial operation in international sector by retailers is only a recent phenomenon. Structural changes took place in retail sales which led to increases in the sales of the large firms and decline of the small firms. The growth of the large firms was also due to expansion in international markets.

Conservation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Conservation - Research Paper Example Consequently, the government has limited fishing and tourist activities in this region, as a result. Sadly, this wonderful feature has recently come under threat from the least expected source: the government. While an argument is being fronted to justify the government’s decision, conservationists feel otherwise. This paper seeks to highlight the present state, including facts, about the Great Barrier Reef. Further, the steps taken by various bodies, including the government in preventing damage to this all-important habit will be provided. In short, this paper provides some of the features associated with the Great Barrier Reef, threats it faces and the most effective efforts to save the habitat. Right from the onset, factual statistics shows that Australia has close to one million species, which includes 80% of the mammals in the world, and a further 90% of reptiles. Sadly, its ranking concerning the most endangered animals is alarming as it is currently ranked first (Seay, 2013). Beneath it is a diversity and abundance of shapes, colours and sizes. For instance, there is a semblance of soft and hard corals; annual migration of whales, nesting turtles and coral spawning occurs annually. In addition, the renowned Cod Hole found on the Lizard Island is actually a major reason for tourists to visit Australia. Some of these animals have the Great Barrier Reef as their habitat meaning the region ought to be a highly conserved place. Currently having more than 2,900 reefs, 900 islands and covering an area of 1400 miles, this region found on the coastal side of Queensland, gives life to a number of animals in Australia. In addition, Great Barrier Reef offers a great resource for scientific research with scientist visiting the area to conduct important tests. In addition, the Sea cow, commonly known as dugong and the green turtles are only found here, and face extinction

Organizational Behavior in Margaret Atwoods Surfacing Essay

Organizational Behavior in Margaret Atwoods Surfacing - Essay Example Organizational Behavior in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing Popular culture is meant to represent the common ground or the popular perception of culture but has the organization of society become too intellectualized? If work is as much a part of our lives as eating and breathing is, then is work life itself a good reflection of our cultural make-up? Gender and sexuality have both taken on new identities over the last century, thanks to war and depression, and this has also changed how the working world is comprised. Men and women are socialised in different ways, aiding the way they see themselves in later life. Little girls are dressed in pink, little boys in blue; little girls bake and sew while little boys fix cars and make furniture. The way we are told we should behave, is largely responsible for the types of vocations chosen by people and also why new world upbringing has led to current trends of women in previously exclusively male vocations such as engineering. Margaret Atwood writes a compelling, if rather disturbing account of gend er and sexuality in the modern world where her chief character battles with her own stress in the new expectations of women in the modern world. Surfacing by Margaret Atwood is essentially a feminist manifesto that looks at the complexity of how society organizes its gender differences and sexuality. It is not an easy novel to digest neither does it attempt to dissipate the uncomfortable truths about life in the modern world.... This is because women in the workplace have had an affect both on men and women: men now have to share their workplaces with women and women have to contend with previously masculine issues. The problem with academic representations as opposed to popular writing is that the academia is unable to see the interpretive mode of translation. It is not possible for academic representations to see inside the person's actual being, making it difficult to determine what it is exactly that makes employees or ordinary people tick. Any number of aspects can affect the way the person reacts to the environment around them. The past, present and future are all parts of the human life cycle that affect the way organizations are perceived by individuals. The popular culture representation for this reason is more personal, more realistic. If we look for instance at the film Portrait of a Lady we see the difference between how women were perceived in the past and now how they are perceived today. There are two female characters in the book Surfacing, the narrator and Anna. Anna is the epitome of the old-world passive female mentality. Concerned most of all about her weight and her appearance, "I told her she should wear jeans or something but she said she looks fat in them."(Atwood, 1997: 5). On the other hand, the narrator writes about her lover, Joe whom she refrains from marrying, explaining his appearance, "with small clenched eyes and the defiant look of a species once dominant, now threatened with extinction. That's how he thinks of himself too: deposed, unjustly."(Atwood, 1997: 2). If we compare this piece of writing to the above example of Portrait of a Lady, we see the way in which gender roles

Media ownership reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media ownership reform - Research Paper Example During early 1940s, different larger media companies began to gain much power and influence than others driving the fear of monopoly in the industry. The federal government instituted a series of reforms in the industry to curb the trend and ensure that the field remained competitive and diverse as much as possible. The reforms worked to check the growing trend of monopoly that was evident in the industry. To check this, the government created rules to ensure that there was competition in the industry as well as ensure the control of monopoly. Many regulations were proposed and later on passed into laws to check the ownership of media houses. Most of the regulations instituted aimed to ensure that no media house had greater control of a certain market by ensuring that they had access to a certain percentage of the market. Further, the rules provided that the media houses owned and controlled a predefined number of communication and broadcast stations2. All these regulations were on t he constitutional basis of ensuring that the American citizen had the desired kind of access to information as much as possible. ... Since its creation, the agency has the responsibility of reporting to the congress directly. Under ownership, the FCC has the mandate to regulate the number of media outlets that are owned by a single media house. The main reason behind the creation of the FCC was to regulate interstate and foreign communications by wire and radio to ensure that all processes in the area were at the interests of the public. However, as the industry has evolved over time, the commission has been delegated the responsibility of regulating radio, television, and satellite communication, a responsibility that the commission shares with state agencies. To accomplish its mandate, the FCC was allowed the powers to control the assigning of broadcast spectrum and frequencies to various services, licensing providers in the industry and enforcing laws that relate to communications. The commission has the authority to regulate inappropriate and illegal material broadcast such as cigarette advertisements and othe r programs that relate to aspects of campaigning and child programming. This authority gives the commission more powers to regulate media ownership3. Section II: The Problems with the Current Media Ownership Rules The current media ownership rules provided by the regulatory agency have been under scrutiny on the provisions and capabilities to ensure efficient control of the industry. The industry has grown rapidly over time with changes in technology and there are questions as to whether the regulation of the industry is necessary and efficient in accommodating and promoting such changes. The FCC has proposed various amendments on its provisions to see the deregulation of the industry,

What is Fibromyalgia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Fibromyalgia - Essay Example Some of the main symptoms relied upon by the doctors during the diagnosis are fatigue, pain and sleep disturbance (Bellato et al. 2012). The above mentioned symptoms are also call primary symptoms. A study by Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, (2012) acknowledges that, these symptoms in almost 80% to 100% of the patients. On the other hand, there are other symptoms leveled as associated symptoms of fibromyalgia. They include; headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, mood disorders, irritable bladder symptoms and hypersensitivity to cold temperatures. The disorder can be classified into primary and secondary Fibromyalgia. Cause of the latter can be evaluated but the former, primary fibromyalgia is quite hard to ascertain. According to Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, (2012), primary Fibromyalgia is also referred to as idiopathic Fibromyalgia, this kind of disorder is hard to identify its main causes. However, secondary fibromyalgia is easy to identify its main causes because it arises after a long time of living with disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Research also reveals that trauma or brain injury can cause fibromyalgia due to the disturbance to the central nervous system. The main aim of treatment of the disorder is to reduce pain, develop physical functions and to stop sleep disturbances. Common symptoms such as depression, pain and others show that the cause of the disorder is quite complex. The disorder can be inherited or caused by environmental issues. This calls for both medication and non-pharmacological treatment (Bellato et al. 2012). Some of the drugs used for treatment of fibromyalgia include; analgesics, muscles relaxants, antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Some of these drugs are meant to reduce stress and reduce sleeplessness. For example, Tricycle antidepressants are prescribed to patients with sleep disturbance (Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, 2012). Bellato,

Saving the Pacific Salmon Essay Example for Free

Saving the Pacific Salmon Essay Salmon are one of the most important fish species in the world, and in the Pacific Northwest the fish are a way of life for many species of plants and animals, including humans. The major problem that humans are facing is that the population of wild salmon is dangerously low as compared to historic numbers due to over-fishing and human degradation (including dams, chemical pollution and land use impacts. ). Pacific Salmon are now extinct in forty percent of the rivers they once thrived in (Four Fish). Zoologist George Suckley stated in 1854, that the Pacific coast salmon were â€Å"one of the striking wonders of the region these fish. astonish by number, and confuse with variety. †(In a Sea of Trouble) and that â€Å"The quantities for salmon which frequent these waters is beyond calculation, and seems to be so great as to challenge human ingenuity to effect it in any way. † (In a Sea of Trouble). In order to get a better grasp on the problems humans are causing we need to first understand the salmons life cycle. In the Pacific Northwest there are five different species of salmon: Chinook, Pink, Dog, Coho, and Silver. All of which are anadromous basically meaning that they live in both fresh and salt water. These fish start life hatching many miles upstream on the gravel beds in rivers on the pacific coasts of North America, and Asia, were they grow into smolts as they are carried downstream to the sea. Once at sea the salmon spend one to seven years maturing. Then for reasons unknown to scientists, a homing impulse triggers them to make an astonishing journey back to the very river or tributary they were hatched in (Salmon). At least that is how it is supposed to work. When Lewis and Clark made their famous expedition nearly two centuries ago they marveled at the â€Å"great quants. of Salmon† they had seen in the Columbia River in Washington State, which in 1860 produced sixteen million salmon annually. Today the figure has dropped to less than one million respectively (Where the Salmon Rule). In 1990 not one sock-eye salmon out of a population of thousands made its way back to its spawning area in Redfish Lake, Idaho (In a Sea of Trouble). The brutal decline is emblematic of the problem. Biologists Willa Nehlen, Jack Williams, and James Litchatowich reported that of the hundreds of distinct native populations that were once common to the Pacific Coast are disappearing. Of the original stocks 106 are extinct, 102 definitely face extinction, fifty-eight are at moderate risk, and fifty-four are a matter of concern. All in all the report said that 214 natural spawning routes are in very serious trouble (Fish-eries Mar. /April issue). What possibly could be the reason for the sharp decline of this life giving species of fish? HUMANS. Let’s start with dams. The first half of the twentieth century, in order to harness the power of the rivers in the Pacific Northwest for producing electricity, and producing water for irrigation in the semi-arid valleys, countless dams were built. The engineers that built these structures had the salmon in mind during the design phase. They constructed fish ladders and artificial falls designed to allow the upstream passage for the salmon past all the concrete now blocking the rivers vital to the species. On the Columbia River alone eight major dams were built, while a spattering of additional smaller dams were plugging up the tributaries. There was something that the engineers did not account for and that is for each existing dam five to fourteen percent of adult salmon moving upstream cannot find the fish ladders, or if they do end up getting lost in the vast reservoirs created between dams. And worse yet the engineers designed the ladders and artificial falls for fish moving upstream, not the smolts making their way downstream to the Pacific Ocean. It is estimated that we lose ninety percent of the smolts that count on the flow of the river to carry them to the Ocean. Instead the juvenile fish get caught and mutilated in the screens or die due to predation in the reservoirs (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife). Another huge problem to the choked rivers is land degradation. Every year the U. S. Forest Service sanctions timber and grazing practices on the national forest lands in the regions that are ecologically prudent to native salmon populations. The clear cutting, roadways, and destruction harm the salmon that make it through the dams indefinitely. Salmon need cool clean water to survive the journey to their spawning grounds, and the logging industry cuts all the trees down, which in turn lets more radiation from the sun hit the water and heat it up. The trees being cut down speeds up the erosion of the soil, which pours into the streams making them very dirty which suffocates the eggs and alevins. Road and rail construction causes land-slides that block rivers (The Plundered Seas). A study conducted by the Forest Service looked at several hundreds of miles of streams in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho counting cool clean pools that are critical to wild salmon. They found that fifty to seventy-five percent of the pools were gone in the most heavily logged areas. Those areas that were spared still remained stable or even gained pools over the last fifty years. One of if not the largest problem is that of overfishing. Humans with their large boats and drift nets sometimes spanning thirty miles in length, gill nets and fish wheels can catch salmon by the millions. Alaska alone harvests 200 million fish annually to keep up with the demand. The United States, which is limited by strict total allowable catch quotas (TAC’S) that monitor and limit the overall weight of fish which fishermen may land, based on advice by scientists, and is enforced by the U. S. Fish and game Service. Although sometimes the TAC is wrong, and the U. S. takes to many fish we are not the main problem here. It is the other countries that illegally set their nets in our waters to poach salmon by the millions. Specifically the Taiwanese fishing fleets whose thousands of miles of netting plucked at least by estimate of the NMFS eight million illegal salmon last year (NMFS). Also the NMFS estimates that at least twenty million West Coast salmon are caught illegally every year. As it stands now according to 1996 study Factors Contributing to the Decline of Chinook Salmon estimates that in recent years harvest impacts on Puget Sound Chinook salmon stocks have been quite high on average sixty-eight to eighty-three percent of the wild stock has been taken by fishing. And that is a problem when you consider the other factors that man has created that impede or harm native stocks. Pollution from pulp mills, industry and agriculture has also had a devastating effect salmon. Aluminum pollution has had a particularly horrible effect on the gills of the salmon. The aluminum mutates the thin mucous membrane from which the fish takes its oxygen and keeping out potentially damaging microbes into a crusty damaged organ that inhibits the fish’s ability to transition from fresh to salt water (Nature’s Crusaders). Also it has been found that mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides that are commonly detected in freshwater streams and reservoirs that support endangered species of salmon. What happens is the pesticides can inhibit the activity of acetyl cholinesterase which is a hormone secreted to aid in neural function (The Synergistic Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures). Several of these chemicals when mixed together in relatively low doses have proven to be fatal for the salmon, whereas individually the chemicals in the same doses are non-lethal. In the late nineteenth century man noticed that there were less salmon in the waters of the Pacific Northwest and something had to be done to supplement the commercial fishermen’s catch. Thus came the idea of hatcheries. Hatcheries work like this: Salmon that are returning to spawn in their home rivers are captured. These captured fish contain both males and females. The eggs are taken from the females, and the sperm is taken from the males and mixed together to form fertilized eggs. The eggs are then incubated, where the hatched fish are placed in holding tanks to grow and develop. When adequate growth is reached the fish are released into the river where they make their way to the ocean, mature and return back to the hatchery or spawning grounds. This practice makes the survival rates increase because there are no predators in hatcheries and their environment stays constant plus food is abundant. So what is the problem with hatcheries you might ask? The answer is genetic diversity. The fish that come to the hatcheries (which are set up along rivers) get a lot of the same fish back every year. Currently, most of the fish in the hatcheries are fourth, fifth, and sixth generation stocks from the hatchery. These fish keep being bred with genetically similar fish, which weakens the population as a whole. On the Columbia River in 2006 8,157 oho salmon were caught for a study to determine how many were hatchery fish, and the results were shocking. Of those fish 6,234 were hatchery fish leaving only around 1900 as wild stock (The End of the Line). Without genetic diversity the salmons’ immune systems get weakened and they become more susceptible to diseases that normally wouldn’t affect them. Also a concern for hatcheri es is that they grow larger than their wild counterparts and evidence suggests that the larger hatchery fish kill wild stock due to predation (Northwest fisheries Science Center). Hatcheries are also known to have disease outbreaks that can be transmitted to wild stock. Now that I have shown that there is a problem let’s take a look at what lower numbers of salmon effect in their environment. When Salmon make their epic runs up the rivers of the Pacific Northwest not all survive. Bears numbering in the hundreds stand in the rivers plucking fish out of the water trying to put on pounds and pounds of fat to get them and their cubs through the long northern winters, and the salmon are the bears’ main source of calories (Planet Earth). When the salmon runs are abundant the bears only eat the skin, brain, and eggs of the fish because they are the parts with the highest calorie content. So along the shores of the rivers lie thousands maybe even hundreds of thousands of carcasses that are free for the taking by wolves, coyotes, fox, raptors, insects and any other opportunistic animals. These remains are vital to the overall health of many different species of land animals, not to mention plants as well. Even after the animal kingdom has had their way with the carcasses there is still rotting flesh and bone that gets left behind. A study of fifty different watersheds in the Great Bear Rainforest on British Columbia’s central coast says that the predation of salmon provides a â€Å"potent nutrient subsidy† that drives plant growth in the surrounding forest. Numbers nearing fifty percent of the salmon are getting carried to the forest, with the remaining fish that make it to the spawning grounds to reproduce and die ending up decomposing on the banks. The study observed everything from lichens to shrubs and found that nitrogen loving plants were thriving in these areas (The Vancouver Sun Mar. 25, 2011). The areas that did not have the salmon were not as robust. When the salmon decompose carbon and nitrogen get released into the soil. That coupled with animal scat makes for very rich fertilizer making the forest grow thick and lush (Hanley and Schnell 1998). When dealing with an issue of this scope one must take into consideration the many obstacles that will present themselves, such as how to regulate the many countries that have access to the Pacific Ocean. How will funding be provided for the operation? How to peacefully find an alternative for those who depend on salmon for their family’s livelihood. Continuing research for hatcheries and the money that will be needed and so on and so forth. My plan to preserve the pacific salmon is multi-tiered and complex, but if the people involved can be agreeable a sacred and valuable species can be saved. First the issue of regulating all the coastal countries for poachers must be addressed. I propose that these countries involved start a salmon fishing enforcement bureau that is a combined and comprehensive unit tasked to regulate, seek out, and enforce the laws and regulations with steep penalties decided by a committee comprised of representatives from each respective country. Secondly I propose that all commercial fishing be halted until the populations of salmon can recover. Once recovered then commercial fishing can be continued at a reasonable rate as advised by the bureau’s biologists. Doing this would outrage the fishermen who depend on salmon for their income, but there is a solution to this as well. The misplaced fishermen will have the option to be trained free of cost, (made possible by government funding) and assigned jobs at salmon farms and hatcheries, also the processing plants that butcher and package the salmon. While the fishing ban is in effect the nation will rely on fish farms to provide salmon for consumption by humans. Except those indigenous peoples (such as the Indian Tribes and Inuit) that will be given rights to a predetermined number of fish for their freezers to be consumed. To address the problem that the hatcheries and farms produce regarding disease and inbreeding the government will redirect money in the national budget to enlist the help of the foremost experts in the field to figure out ow to eliminate disease and genetically diversify the stocks coming from the farms and hatcheries. Next the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers will demolish dams at strategic locations to allow the salmon free passage up their streams and rivers. To supplement the cheap electricity that will be lost, wind and solar farms will be set up to get electric to customers that the dams supplied electric to. Also we will utilize available technology to modify the dams in a way that all migrating fish will know where to go, and receive safe passage through the structure. Logging companies will be mandated to not build roads or clear cut trees any closer than 1 mile from a salmon spawning river or tributary unless it is deemed necessary by the U. S. Division of Parks and Recreation. Enlisting the help of the EPA would be a priority. The EPA could ban the use of certain pesticides that contain aluminum in their chemical makeup, and test farmers land to regulate and arrest (if necessary) those in violation. In closing I would like to state that the future of the Pacific salmon is clouded by all of the problems I listed in the above paragraphs. And it was we who have created this problem, so it has to be we who fix it. Implementing the plan I have devised will be challenging, tough and expensive, but if the American people can be patient and understanding I know we can come together as a country and fix our mistake and save the salmon. We have to. Salmon are more than fish; they are one of the last great symbols of the west, and givers of life to so many people, plants, and animals. To lose them due to non-natural causes (like we did the bison) would be a travesty. The world would quite literally be a lot less beautiful without them, and I cannot imagine it. Can you?

China One Child Policy Essay Example for Free

China One Child Policy Essay Imagine a world where one can’t just simply go to the supermarket because there is not enough food. A world where pollution is a daily reality, the air too thick to even breath and the water virtually undrinkable. A place you can no longer buy consumer goods because there isn’t enough materials to make them. This could become a reality, but preventing it has always been on the minds of the Chinese government. War and epidemics had struck China for years, but after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, sanitation and medicine improved and prompted rapid population growth. This combined with the movement created by Mao Zedong, China’s previous communist leader, led to rapid population growth that gave China’s monumental population. This monumental mistake took its toll in the food supply when Mao emphasized steel production over farming, food supply slipped behind population growth; by 1962 a massive famine had caused some 30 million deaths. After the population leveled off, the government continued the camping to reduce China’s population. In 1979 the Chinese government introduced a policy requiring couples from Chinas ethnic Han majority to have only one child. Depending on where they lived parents can be fined thousand of dollars for having an extra child without a permit and can be forced to abort the child and then be sterilized. With all this in mind I not only believe that the one child policy with some adjustments can be a good solution to the overpopulation and issues related to it but also it is a necessary policy. With changes to the policy will greatly improve China’s people living environment and standards. Without this policy we can face serious issues concerning food supplies, depletion of natural resources at a rapid rate, poverty,spreading of diseases due to lack of proper medical care, overcrowded cities that can lead to heavy pollution, inadequate housing, lower life expectancy and higher death rates, educational facilities may not meet the population requirements,and finally lower employment opportunities that lead to unequal distribution of wealth. All of this could become a reality without the proper population control provided by the policy. Society a highly structured system of human organization for large-scale community living that normally furnishes protection, continuity, security, and a national identity. Some essential things that are required for the flourishment of a society are essentials such as food and water. This are non debatable requirements for cities to rise, survive and thrive. Over population can bring many obstacles and difficulties that could impede us from thriving as a society. Some include heavy pollution that is caused by factories that are needed to meet the demands of the big population. This pollution can be precipitated into the water sources can lead to the spread of diseases such as cholera and typhoids. Although higher population number will produce more food the earth can only support so much. Even with genetically modified (GMC’s) the land can only be used so much before it runs put of nutrients and then become useless. The overuse of the land will lead to soil erosion from trying to meet the food demands of a huge population. Air pollution can cause the spread of diseases such as asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, heart disease and even diabetes. This will lead to millions of death and could potentially wipe out entire populations and cause poor living conditions. The lack of proper medical care will be one of many factors also contributing to the decline of living standards and lower living expectancies which means higher death rates. Thomas Malthus wrote theories that predicted living conditions over many centuries. He stated that over population will cause more disadvantages that will outweigh the advantages. Some might said that in his theory he didn’t take into account the advances in technology that is essential to the prosperity of a country. I don’t argue that Malthus may not have taken that into account but it still doesn’t change the fact that earth has a finite carrying capacity. No matter how technology progresses or gets better it will be limited by the resources that we can get. Resources are limited. Technology could provide ways of using this resources more efficiently but no matter what we do it will always lead to the depletion because of higher demand caused by overpopulation. Although technology can solve many of our problems it has a great limitation. That limitation is us. The overcrowding of cities may lead to educational facilities not being able to provide the proper learning environment and fail to teach the population. This will cause high levels kids falling behind and not be able to contribute and move on to high level jobs in science, math or engineering which will slow down the rate of progression in technology, and without it we won’t be able to meet the demands of a large population. Over population can cause lower employment opportunities that will leave many families in poverty. This will cause and uneven distribution of wealth that can cause the crime rate to go higher. Less jobs means the economy would be very limited or there will be a lot of jobs but minimum wage jobs. Families would be forced to sends their children to work so they can help support the family instead of sending them to school. With a smaller population more high level jobs can be given and more money means better standard of living and high life expectancy levels. Wealth can provide many things such as medical care, adequate housing,etc. All of this can be avoided with population control policies such as the one child policy. There is a lot of disadvantages that can cause a disastrous future. So we need to ask ourselves if that will be a life wen want to live in. The answer will always come down to no. The one child policy has harsh effects that are controversial. The forced sterilization and abortion of women is one of the horrid realities that the policy makes possible. But this doesn’t change the fact that the policy is a necessity. I completely agree that this must be change. New regulations can be put into place that are more passive and more widely accepted by the majority. The one child policy is a necessity that helps our society in many ways. The advantages of having this policy far outweigh the disadvantages. It keeps China’s prosperity and encourages great economic wealth and progression. So I urge you to consider all of the points made and see that the one child policy is not only a smart choice but also a great one.